RPM-SPEC-MACROS(7)

Build steps #

%autopatch [OPTIONS] [NUMBER ...]

Apply (a range of) patch numbers. Use in combination with %autosetup -N for finer control over patch application.

Only available in the %prep section.

-m MIN

Apply patches starting from MIN range.

-M MAX

Apply patches up to MAX range.

-p N

Patch prefix stripping level (same as -p to patch(1))

-q

Don't warn if there are no matching patches.

-v

Verbose operation.

%autosetup [OPTIONS]

Prepare sources for building: unpack source archives and apply patches. See also %setup.

Only available in the %prep section.

-a N

Unpack source N after changing to the build directory. If multiple instances are needed, use %setup instead.

-b N

Unpack source N before changing to the build directory. If multiple instances are needed, use %setup instead.

-c

Create the build directory (and change to it) before unpacking.

-C

Create the build directory and ensure the archive contents are unpacked there, stripping the top level directory in the archive paths if one exists.

-D

Do not delete the build directory prior to unpacking (used when more than one source is to be unpacked with -a or -b).

-n

Set the name of build directory (default is %{name}-%{version} macro-expanded).

-N

Disable automatic patch application (used for manual %autopatch invocation).

-p N

Patch prefix stripping level (same as -p to patch(1) and %patch).

-S VCS

Specify the Version Control System to use. Supported VCS's are:

• bzr
• gendiff
• git
• git_am
• hg
• patch (default)
• quilt

Note that the exact behavior depends on the VCS: for example quilt(1) only controls patches whereas git(1) and hg(1) control the entire source repository.

-T

Skip the default unpacking of the first source (mostly used with -a or -b).

-v

Verbose operation.

%configure [...]

Invoke a configure script of an autoconf(1) based software with appropriate options for RPM integration, such as preconfigured system paths. Any options and arguments are passed directly to the script.

Typical use (but common also in %build section of older spec files):

%conf
%configure --enable-wibble

%find_lang [OPTIONS] NAME [PREFIX]

Look for translation files in the buildroot, generating a NAME.lang %files manifest for them. NAME is usually the upstream project name.

Available options:

--all-name

Match all package/domain names.

--generate-subpackages

Place translations in per-language sub-packages.

--with-gnome

Find GNOME help files.

--with-html

Find HTML files.

--with-kde

Find KDE help files.

--with-mate

Find MATE help files.

--with-qt

Find QT locale files.

--with-man

Find translated man(1) pages.

--without-mo

Do not find locale files.

Typical use:

%install
%make_install
%find_lang %{name}

%files -f %{name}.lang

%make_build [...]

Invoke make(1) for build purposes, with appropriate options for RPM integration, such as managing the number of parallel jobs. Any options and arguments are passed directly to make(1).

Typical use:

%build
%make_build

%make_install [...]

Invoke make(1) for install purposes, with appropriate options for RPM integration, such as DESTDIR pointed at $RPM_BUILD_ROOT. Any options and arguments are passed directly to make(1).

Typical use:

%install
%make_install

%patch [OPTIONS] [NUMBER ...]

Apply patch numbers specified in arguments. See also %autosetup and %autopatch.

Only available in the %prep section.

-b SUF

Backup patched files with suffix SUF.

-d DIR

Change to directory DIR before doing anything else.

-E

Remove files emptied by patching.

-F N

Maximum fuzz factor (context diffs).

-p N

Patch prefix stripping level (same as -p to patch(1))

-R

Assume reversed patch.

-o FILE

Send output to FILE instead of patching in place.

-z SUF

Same as -b.

-Z

Set file mtime and atime from patch headers using UTC (context diffs).

-P N

Apply patch number N. Same as passing N as a positional argument.

%setup [OPTIONS]

Unpack sources. See also %autosetup.

Only available inside the %prep section.

-a N

Unpack source N after changing to the build directory.

-b N

Unpack source N before changing to the build directory.

-c

Create the build directory (and change to it) before unpacking.

-C

Create the build directory and ensure the archive contents are unpacked there, stripping the top level directory in the archive paths if one exists.

-D

Do not delete the build directory prior to unpacking (used when more than one source is to be unpacked with -a or -b).

-n

Set the name of build directory (default is %{name}-%{version} macro-expanded).

-T

Skip the default unpacking of the first source (mostly used with -a or -b).

-q

Quiet operation.

Sources and patches #

%{P:NUMBER}

Shorthand for %{PATCH​NUMBER}.

%PATCH​NUMBER

Expand to the filename of the specified Patch NUMBER.

%PATCHURL​NUMBER

Expand to the full URL of the specified Patch NUMBER.

%patches

Space separated list of all the patches in the package.

%{S:NUMBER}

Shorthand for %{SOURCE​NUMBER}.

%SOURCE​NUMBER

Expand to the filename of the specified Source NUMBER.

%SOURCEURL​NUMBER

Expand to the full URL of the specified Source NUMBER.

%sources

Space separated list of all the sources in the package.

Conditional builds #

%bcond NAME DEFAULT

Create a build conditional for a feature called NAME, defaulting to either on (1) or off (0).

Added: 4.17.1

# Create a "gnutls" build conditional, enabled by default:
%bcond gnutls 1
# Create a "bootstrap" build conditional, disabled by default:
%bcond bootstrap 0

%bcond_with NAME

Deprecated. Identical to %bcond NAME 0.

%bcond_without NAME

Deprecated. Identical to %bcond NAME 1.

%{with NAME}

Test if build conditional NAME is enabled.

%if %{with gnutls}
BuildRequires: gnutls-devel
%endif

%{without NAME}

Test if build conditional NAME is disabled.

%with_​NAME

Alternative form of testing a build conditional.

%configure \\
	%{?with_static:--enable-static} \\
	%{!?with_static:--disable-static}

See http://rpm.org/docs/latest/manual/conditionalbuilds.html for more information.

Path macros #

RPM defines paths for various common locations in UNIX-like systems for the sake of flexibility and some portability. Most of these macros honor the prefix defined in %_prefix (not to be confused with %prefix from relocatable packages).

The values in parenthesis reflect common values of these macros on modern Linux systems and are provided for mental reference only.

%_bindir

Most user commands. (/usr/bin)

%_datadir

Architecture independent data. (/usr/share)

%_datarootdir

Alias for %_datadir.

%_includedir

Standard include files. (/usr/include)

%_infodir

Info pages. (/usr/share/info)

%_libdir

Standard libraries. (/usr/lib or /usr/lib64)

%_libexecdir

Binaries run by other commands. (/usr/libexec)

%_localstatedir

Variable data files. (/var)

%_mandir

Manual pages. (/usr/share/man)

%_prefix

Prefix of most path macros. (/usr)

%_rundir

Run-time variable data. (/run)

%_sharedstatedir

Variable state information. (/var/lib)

%_sbindir

Non-essential standard system binaries. (/usr/sbin)

%_sysconfdir

Host-specific system configuration. (/etc)

For historical reasons, the path name macros follow autoconf(1) practises.

Architecture families #

Macros for testing architecture families with %ifarch conditionals.

Typical use:

%ifarch %{arm32}
BuildRequires: arm-and-leg-devel
%endif

%alpha

Alpha processors.

%arm32

32-bit ARM processors.

%arm64

64-bit ARM processors.

%e2k

E2K processors.

%ix86

32-bit x86 processors.

%loongarch64

64-bit LOONGARCH processors.

%mips

All MIPS processors.

%mips32

32-bit MIPS processors.

%mips64

64-bit MIPS processors.

%mipseb

Big-endian MIPS processors.

%mipsel

Little-endian MIPS processors.

%power64

64-bit PowerPC processors.

%riscv32

32-bit RISC-V processors.

%riscv64

64-bit RISC-V processors.

%riscv128

128-bit RISC-V processors.

%riscv

All RISC-V processors.

%sparc

All Sparc processors.

%x86_64

64-bit x86 processors.

Compiler flags #

%build_cflags

C compiler flags. This is traditionally called CFLAGS in makefiles.

%build_cxxflags

C++ compiler flags. This is traditionally called CXXFLAGS in makefiles.

%build_fflags

Fortran compiler flags. Makefiles use both FFLAGS and FCFLAGS as the corresponding variable names.

%optflags

Unspecified compiler flags from rpm-rpmrc(5).

Deprecated, use one of the language specific %build_*flags macros instead.

%set_build_flags

Shell code to set various compiler/linker environment variables such as CFLAGS and LDFLAGS if they have not been set already.

Platform macros #

%_host

Shorthand for %{_host_cpu}-%{_host_os}

%_host_cpu

The architecture of the host where RPM is running.

%_host_os

The operating system of the host where RPM is running.

%_target

Shorthand for %{_target_cpu}-%{_target_os}.

%_target_cpu

The architecture for which the current package is being built for.

%_target_os

The operating system for which the current package is being built for.